کلمات مهم این مقاله را مرور کنید. The genotype determines the genetic makeup of an organism. The phenotype results from the interaction between genotype and environment. Each parent contributes one allele for a given gene. A homozygous plant carries two identical alleles for a trait. A heterozygous individual carries two different alleles. A dominant allele masks the effect of a recessive allele. A recessive trait appears only when both alleles are recessive. Meiosis produces haploid gametes. Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells. Homologous recombination exchanges DNA between homologous sequences. Artificial selection has produced many crop varieties. A selectable marker is used to identify transformed cells. Gene mapping locates genes on chromosomes. Polyploidy is common in many flowering plants. Pleiotropy occurs when one gene affects multiple traits. A mosaic organism contains cells with different genotypes. Tandem arrays consist of repeated sequences arranged one after another.لغات این درس
Genotype
Phenotype
Allele
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Dominant
Recessive
Meiosis
Mitosis
Homologous Recombination
Artificial Selection
Selectable Marker
Gene Mapping
Polyploidy
Pleiotropy
Mosaic
Tandem Array
/ˈdʒenətaɪp/
ژنوتیپ؛ ژن‌نمود
Example:
/ˈfiːnətaɪp/
فنوتیپ؛ رخت‌نمود
Example:
/əˈliːl/
آلل
Example:
/ˌhəʊməʊˈzaɪɡəs/
هموزیگوت؛ خالص
Example:
/ˌhetərəʊˈzaɪɡəs/
هتروزیگوت؛ ناخالص
Example:
/ˈdɒmɪnənt/
غالب
Example:
/rɪˈsesɪv/
مغلوب
Example:
/maɪˈəʊsɪs/
میوز؛ رشته‌ایش
Example:
/maɪˈtəʊsɪs/
میتوز
Example:
/həˈmɒləɡəs ˌriːkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/
نوترکیبی همتا
Example:
/ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl sɪˈlekʃn/
انتخاب مصنوعی
Example:
/sɪˈlektəbl ˈmɑːkə(r)/
نشانگر انتخابی
Example:
/dʒiːn ˈmæpɪŋ/
نقشه‌یابی ژنی
Example:
/ˈpɒlɪplɔɪdi/
پلی‌پلوئیدی؛ چندگانگی
Example:
/plaɪˈɒtrəpi/
پلیوتروپی؛ ژن چنداثره
Example:
/məʊˈzeɪɪk/
موزاییک
Example:
/ˈtændəm əˈreɪ/
آرایه پشت‌سرهم؛ تکرار پشت‌سرهم
Example:
